At A RITUALFUNCTION OF
DHEME IN
BHAKTAPUR
Wednesday, December 27, 2006
Sunday, December 17, 2006
We all should know about AIDS
By Sabitri
AIDS was first reported in the United States in 1981 and has since become a major/Worldwide epidemic. AIDS is a condition brought about by a virus (HIV), which causes the body's immune system to become deficient. It leaves the sufferer exposed to infection. A subspecies of chimpanzees native to went equatorial Africa, had been identified as the original source of the virus named HIV Researchers believe that HIV (Human Immune Deficiency Virus) was introduced into the human population when hunters become exposed to infected blood.
Causes of HIV infection:
· Having sex without using condoms with an infected partner.
· Sharing needles or other contaminated injection or skin piercing equipment.
· Blood and blood products through infected transfusion and organ or tissue transplants.
· Transmission from infected mother to child in the womb or at birth and breast-feeding.
AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
-Acquired means that the disease is not hereditary but develops from contact with a disease – Causing Virus.
-Immune deficiency means that the disease is characterized by a weakening of the immune system.
-Syndrome means that refer to group of symptom that collectively indicate or characterize a disease.
HIV destroys a certain kind of blood cell (CD4 +Tcells), which is crucial to the normal function of the human immune system. By killing or damaging cells of the body's immune system, HIV progressively destroys the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers.
Studies on families of HIV infected people have shown clearly that HIV is not spread through casual contact such as sharing of food, utensils, towels and bedding, telephones or toilet seats.
Biting insects such as mosquitoes or bedbugs does not spread HIV. HIV is not transmitted by day-to-day contact on the work place, school or social setting. HIV is not transmitted through shaking hands and hugging. HIV is not an air borne or food borne virus and it does not live long outside the body. HIV can only be found in the blood, semen or vaginal fluid of an infected person.
HIV is a virus that infects humans and thus cannot be transmitted to or carried by non-human animals. The only exception to this is a few chimpanzees. Because HIV is not found in animals it is not possible for HIV to be transmitted from an animal bite, such as from a dog or cat.
The first symptoms of HIV infection can resemble symptoms of common cold or flu, some people, who contact HIV, experience very strong symptoms but other experience none at all. Those who do have symptoms generally experience fever, fatigues and often rash. Other common symptoms can include headache, swollen lymph nodes and sore throat. These symptoms can occur within day of weeks of the initial exposure to the virus. Because of the non-specific and symptoms associated with primary or acute infections, symptoms are not a reliable way to diagnosis of HIV infection testing of antibodies is the only way to know.
AIDS was first reported in the United States in 1981 and has since become a major/Worldwide epidemic. AIDS is a condition brought about by a virus (HIV), which causes the body's immune system to become deficient. It leaves the sufferer exposed to infection. A subspecies of chimpanzees native to went equatorial Africa, had been identified as the original source of the virus named HIV Researchers believe that HIV (Human Immune Deficiency Virus) was introduced into the human population when hunters become exposed to infected blood.
Causes of HIV infection:
· Having sex without using condoms with an infected partner.
· Sharing needles or other contaminated injection or skin piercing equipment.
· Blood and blood products through infected transfusion and organ or tissue transplants.
· Transmission from infected mother to child in the womb or at birth and breast-feeding.
AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
-Acquired means that the disease is not hereditary but develops from contact with a disease – Causing Virus.
-Immune deficiency means that the disease is characterized by a weakening of the immune system.
-Syndrome means that refer to group of symptom that collectively indicate or characterize a disease.
HIV destroys a certain kind of blood cell (CD4 +Tcells), which is crucial to the normal function of the human immune system. By killing or damaging cells of the body's immune system, HIV progressively destroys the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers.
Studies on families of HIV infected people have shown clearly that HIV is not spread through casual contact such as sharing of food, utensils, towels and bedding, telephones or toilet seats.
Biting insects such as mosquitoes or bedbugs does not spread HIV. HIV is not transmitted by day-to-day contact on the work place, school or social setting. HIV is not transmitted through shaking hands and hugging. HIV is not an air borne or food borne virus and it does not live long outside the body. HIV can only be found in the blood, semen or vaginal fluid of an infected person.
HIV is a virus that infects humans and thus cannot be transmitted to or carried by non-human animals. The only exception to this is a few chimpanzees. Because HIV is not found in animals it is not possible for HIV to be transmitted from an animal bite, such as from a dog or cat.
The first symptoms of HIV infection can resemble symptoms of common cold or flu, some people, who contact HIV, experience very strong symptoms but other experience none at all. Those who do have symptoms generally experience fever, fatigues and often rash. Other common symptoms can include headache, swollen lymph nodes and sore throat. These symptoms can occur within day of weeks of the initial exposure to the virus. Because of the non-specific and symptoms associated with primary or acute infections, symptoms are not a reliable way to diagnosis of HIV infection testing of antibodies is the only way to know.
Review of "Studying mass media Ethics"
Review of "Studying mass media Ethics"
By: Bala Ram Prajapati
Author:- Nirmala Mani Adhikari
Book:- Studying mass media Ethics
Price:- 125
Page:-159 + 6
Publisher;- Prasanti Pustak Bhandar
Published Date:- 2006
ISBN:- 9933-687-8-4
"The adoption of code of ethics by media professionals can be viewed as the adoption of the social responsibility theory."(pp 27). This line clarifies the intent of the book "Studying mass media ethics" by Nirmala Mani Adhikari. Ethics means the moral principle. Ethics is the study of what we ought to do. In a real sense ethics has to do with duty – duty to self and duty to others1. It is the guiding principle that governs the individual or a profession. It is concerned with distinguishing between good and evil in the world, between right and wrong human actions, and between virtuous and non- virtuous characteristics of people. (pp 1)
The persons involved in the media are directly or indirectly involved in the affairs of public people. They have to make various decisions what to publish how. Ethics is an important concern in the field of Journalism. Mass communicators like journalist are right in the middle of all sorts of ethical problems in daily work environment2. So, for catering the information about the need of the ethics Nirmala Mani Adhikari has attempted to inform the media professional including the students of mass communication as well as the interested public about the ethics; in the media sector. The book is divided into three parts . First unit is allotted as the introduction to mass media ethics. Second unit describes mass media in Nepal and the third unit is dedicated for the various codes to ethics issued in various knocks of the world.
The book begins with the definition of ethics -- the motivation based on the ideas of right and wrong; the moral philosophy (pp. 1) then the mass media ethics and its relevance to media professionals is described. The writer has also attempted to differentiate code of ethics and law. The law gives out line of minimum level of external human behavior stating if you would violate these minimum standards then you will be punished. On the other hand, the code of ethics sets out line of ideal behavior that a professional ought to follow. (pp 5) The press or the media maintain certain standard to be accepted in the society. The freedom of press means the freedom of journalists' to convey the information of public interest they gather as well as the freedom of public to know the news of public interest. Citing the press freedom media cannot air all sorts of information it gets. It has been accepted that self control or self limitation is the best way in maintaining freedom and responsibility of mass media keeping this in view journalists have developed their code of ethics3.
A very novel issue the author has presented in the book is the ethics from the Hindu point of view. He has provided various definitions of ethics in Hindu philosophy. "Atamanam Pratiklani Paresham na Samacharet" meaning not to do any thing that you do not entertain for yourself from Vishnu Puran, and Chanakya's "Tyajedekam Kulasyarthe Gramasyarthe Kulam Tyajet; Gramam Janapadasyarthe Atmarthe Prithiveem Tyajet." meaning good for the greatest number in societal matters and good for the atma (soul) in spritual matters, are some examples (pp 9,10)
The book has sections dedicated for the further discussion in which the author has provided brief account of history of philosophy ranging from Pythagoras to Bertrand Russell. In the history chapter the author has mentioned the fact that after the discovery of scientific laws that states functioning of solar system and the evolutionary theory of Darwin the ethics changed this proves the authors claim in the first chapter that ethics is proportional to social reality and the social truth is always relative. (pp 1)
The second unit describes mass media in Nepal. In the chapter he has mentioned the early "katuwals" to latest information technology being used in Nepali media. The mentioning of the constitutional provisions has added to the relevance of the book.
The third section of the book provides us the knowledge about prevalent codes of ethics in the world. It helps us to compare and contrast ethics according to various social factors. For e.g. the Islamic mass media charter declared by the Islamic media conference (Jakarta 1980)in contrast with other media ethics has emphasized in boosting the Islam by uniting the Muslims and combating the opponents like Zionist and its colonialist policy that is creating suppression of the Palestinian people (pp 86). So at the base of ethics is an allegiance to truth (pp 1), which is always relative.
The book is very good attempt in the field of media ethics in Nepali context. Thought there are certain spaces for questions. The author would have acquired more pats on the shoulder if he had mentioned the development of ethics and ethical practices instead or along with the development of mass media in second unit. The misplacement of the journalist's code of ethics 2060 of Nepal is also notable (pp 52). It would be better if included in third unit. The author could have descried changes in ethical practice with the evolution of verious technologies like Radio (FM Radios) and Televisions instead or along with their development in Nepal.
The writer seems unable to describe certain topics adequately like "Approaches to ethics" and "Taking ethical decision by using potter's box. (pp 6-7). In unit three too the author could provide the back ground on which the ethics has been issued to ease the readers understand the social reality that ethics base upon.To sum up the book is helpful for the Bachelors level students of mass communication.
1: Nirmala mani Adhikari, Communication Mass Media and Journalism. Prasanti Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2005,pp. 183
2: Nirmala mani Adhikari, Communication Mass Media and Journalism. Prasanti Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2005,pp. 183
3; Nirmala mani Adhikari, Communication Mass Media and Journalism. Prasanti Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2005,pp. 184
By: Bala Ram Prajapati
Author:- Nirmala Mani Adhikari
Book:- Studying mass media Ethics
Price:- 125
Page:-159 + 6
Publisher;- Prasanti Pustak Bhandar
Published Date:- 2006
ISBN:- 9933-687-8-4
"The adoption of code of ethics by media professionals can be viewed as the adoption of the social responsibility theory."(pp 27). This line clarifies the intent of the book "Studying mass media ethics" by Nirmala Mani Adhikari. Ethics means the moral principle. Ethics is the study of what we ought to do. In a real sense ethics has to do with duty – duty to self and duty to others1. It is the guiding principle that governs the individual or a profession. It is concerned with distinguishing between good and evil in the world, between right and wrong human actions, and between virtuous and non- virtuous characteristics of people. (pp 1)
The persons involved in the media are directly or indirectly involved in the affairs of public people. They have to make various decisions what to publish how. Ethics is an important concern in the field of Journalism. Mass communicators like journalist are right in the middle of all sorts of ethical problems in daily work environment2. So, for catering the information about the need of the ethics Nirmala Mani Adhikari has attempted to inform the media professional including the students of mass communication as well as the interested public about the ethics; in the media sector. The book is divided into three parts . First unit is allotted as the introduction to mass media ethics. Second unit describes mass media in Nepal and the third unit is dedicated for the various codes to ethics issued in various knocks of the world.
The book begins with the definition of ethics -- the motivation based on the ideas of right and wrong; the moral philosophy (pp. 1) then the mass media ethics and its relevance to media professionals is described. The writer has also attempted to differentiate code of ethics and law. The law gives out line of minimum level of external human behavior stating if you would violate these minimum standards then you will be punished. On the other hand, the code of ethics sets out line of ideal behavior that a professional ought to follow. (pp 5) The press or the media maintain certain standard to be accepted in the society. The freedom of press means the freedom of journalists' to convey the information of public interest they gather as well as the freedom of public to know the news of public interest. Citing the press freedom media cannot air all sorts of information it gets. It has been accepted that self control or self limitation is the best way in maintaining freedom and responsibility of mass media keeping this in view journalists have developed their code of ethics3.
A very novel issue the author has presented in the book is the ethics from the Hindu point of view. He has provided various definitions of ethics in Hindu philosophy. "Atamanam Pratiklani Paresham na Samacharet" meaning not to do any thing that you do not entertain for yourself from Vishnu Puran, and Chanakya's "Tyajedekam Kulasyarthe Gramasyarthe Kulam Tyajet; Gramam Janapadasyarthe Atmarthe Prithiveem Tyajet." meaning good for the greatest number in societal matters and good for the atma (soul) in spritual matters, are some examples (pp 9,10)
The book has sections dedicated for the further discussion in which the author has provided brief account of history of philosophy ranging from Pythagoras to Bertrand Russell. In the history chapter the author has mentioned the fact that after the discovery of scientific laws that states functioning of solar system and the evolutionary theory of Darwin the ethics changed this proves the authors claim in the first chapter that ethics is proportional to social reality and the social truth is always relative. (pp 1)
The second unit describes mass media in Nepal. In the chapter he has mentioned the early "katuwals" to latest information technology being used in Nepali media. The mentioning of the constitutional provisions has added to the relevance of the book.
The third section of the book provides us the knowledge about prevalent codes of ethics in the world. It helps us to compare and contrast ethics according to various social factors. For e.g. the Islamic mass media charter declared by the Islamic media conference (Jakarta 1980)in contrast with other media ethics has emphasized in boosting the Islam by uniting the Muslims and combating the opponents like Zionist and its colonialist policy that is creating suppression of the Palestinian people (pp 86). So at the base of ethics is an allegiance to truth (pp 1), which is always relative.
The book is very good attempt in the field of media ethics in Nepali context. Thought there are certain spaces for questions. The author would have acquired more pats on the shoulder if he had mentioned the development of ethics and ethical practices instead or along with the development of mass media in second unit. The misplacement of the journalist's code of ethics 2060 of Nepal is also notable (pp 52). It would be better if included in third unit. The author could have descried changes in ethical practice with the evolution of verious technologies like Radio (FM Radios) and Televisions instead or along with their development in Nepal.
The writer seems unable to describe certain topics adequately like "Approaches to ethics" and "Taking ethical decision by using potter's box. (pp 6-7). In unit three too the author could provide the back ground on which the ethics has been issued to ease the readers understand the social reality that ethics base upon.To sum up the book is helpful for the Bachelors level students of mass communication.
1: Nirmala mani Adhikari, Communication Mass Media and Journalism. Prasanti Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2005,pp. 183
2: Nirmala mani Adhikari, Communication Mass Media and Journalism. Prasanti Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2005,pp. 183
3; Nirmala mani Adhikari, Communication Mass Media and Journalism. Prasanti Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2005,pp. 184
Sunday, December 10, 2006
Just a moment with Nalina Chitrakar
Nalina Chitrakar who born on 10th September 1973, is well known name in Nepali music arena. She stepped in the music with the song 'timero adhar…' her debut album is 'priatama'. Her first concert held at Rastrya Sabha griha. She like guitar amongst the musical instrument, she loves traveling, swimming, and specially likes Nepali food - gundruk: Chinese dishes very much. She likes football most in the games and car and bike in the vehicles. She likes blue, black, and red colour. And prefers shadi, T-shirts and kurtas in dresses. Sapana shree, Aasha Bhosle are the female singers she likes and amongst male singers she adores premdhoj pradhan and San. She did her first photo session with her maternal uncle Rejendra Chitrakar, 'pani pani…….', 'yekaichhin…….', are the music vedioes she best liked amongst her own music vedioes. She quotes her husband as the first lover and had first dating at Spot Marco polo. She loves her son the most . Nalina is called 'motu' at home and her first gift in life is a toy from her father. Winter loving Nalina loves her gregarious nature.
By Sunita Karki
By Sunita Karki
The river returns...... A short story
The land reddens, the human corpses scatters. Countering the bombs, TNTs and bullets, the ready bosoms seems standing with pride and stance. Time passes. Thousands of children are destined to orphan and more than thousands are doomed to become widow. Even the villains heart proudly suppressing self ads an incarnation of god is not touched. Time passes. The war escalates; the blood floods. The invincible storm of energy flows. From six year child to eighty years old marches enthusiastically, They were confident the river returns in 12 years and at last the inevitable occurred. The river returned. The oppressing autocracy became compelled to bow before the united people. The tunnel of the gun is broken, boom, bullets and gun powders extinct. And at last all people got sense….Oh breath of peace after a long run of time
By balaram shrestha
By balaram shrestha
Self Satisfaction
When the question rises, what gives happiness to the human being, most of the people reply the same answer that self satisfaction. Thinking ourselves as a complete man is said to be self satisfaction. A person who remains happy in his life seems to be satisfied. If we feel fulfilled ourselves in the things we have and complete our work being happy, we can achieve self satisfaction.
People never feel satisfied with the things which they have. This is human nature. This is the reason why people seem to be happy outside but in actual they are not happy. The achievement of life is “Self Satisfaction”.
How to achieve self satisfaction:
1. Self Confidence:
The first step of self satisfaction is Self Confidence. If we think that I can surely do this work and this work will help me to be successful person, this confidence will make us a successful person, than we will surely find satisfaction within us. Without self confidence, one cannot be a successful person. Confidence is the atmabal of every human being.
2. Physical exercise:
The most important part of our life is good health without good health, we could not remain happy even for a second. Physical exercise avoids our worried ness and monotonous day. Yoga, physical exercise makes a human satisfied because such exercise makes the body, mind and heart fresh and freshness is the part of self satisfaction.
3. Patience:
Another thing is patience. If we have ability to be patience at any difficulties and struggle with the problem, we always feel happy and happiness is the most important step of satisfaction.
4. Trusting and worshiping god also gives us satisfaction. When we are in tension, at that time if we remember god, we feel relief. That relief is also the means of satisfaction.
5. Serving others gives us satisfaction. If we can serve others at the time of their necessity, our heart feel too delight that time. When we help and serve the disable and poor, we feel satisfied within ourselves.
These are the steps from which we can achieve Self Satisfaction. I felt so.
By Suja Dulal
People never feel satisfied with the things which they have. This is human nature. This is the reason why people seem to be happy outside but in actual they are not happy. The achievement of life is “Self Satisfaction”.
How to achieve self satisfaction:
1. Self Confidence:
The first step of self satisfaction is Self Confidence. If we think that I can surely do this work and this work will help me to be successful person, this confidence will make us a successful person, than we will surely find satisfaction within us. Without self confidence, one cannot be a successful person. Confidence is the atmabal of every human being.
2. Physical exercise:
The most important part of our life is good health without good health, we could not remain happy even for a second. Physical exercise avoids our worried ness and monotonous day. Yoga, physical exercise makes a human satisfied because such exercise makes the body, mind and heart fresh and freshness is the part of self satisfaction.
3. Patience:
Another thing is patience. If we have ability to be patience at any difficulties and struggle with the problem, we always feel happy and happiness is the most important step of satisfaction.
4. Trusting and worshiping god also gives us satisfaction. When we are in tension, at that time if we remember god, we feel relief. That relief is also the means of satisfaction.
5. Serving others gives us satisfaction. If we can serve others at the time of their necessity, our heart feel too delight that time. When we help and serve the disable and poor, we feel satisfied within ourselves.
These are the steps from which we can achieve Self Satisfaction. I felt so.
By Suja Dulal
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