At A RITUALFUNCTION OF
DHEME IN
BHAKTAPUR
Wednesday, December 27, 2006
Sunday, December 17, 2006
We all should know about AIDS
By Sabitri
AIDS was first reported in the United States in 1981 and has since become a major/Worldwide epidemic. AIDS is a condition brought about by a virus (HIV), which causes the body's immune system to become deficient. It leaves the sufferer exposed to infection. A subspecies of chimpanzees native to went equatorial Africa, had been identified as the original source of the virus named HIV Researchers believe that HIV (Human Immune Deficiency Virus) was introduced into the human population when hunters become exposed to infected blood.
Causes of HIV infection:
· Having sex without using condoms with an infected partner.
· Sharing needles or other contaminated injection or skin piercing equipment.
· Blood and blood products through infected transfusion and organ or tissue transplants.
· Transmission from infected mother to child in the womb or at birth and breast-feeding.
AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
-Acquired means that the disease is not hereditary but develops from contact with a disease – Causing Virus.
-Immune deficiency means that the disease is characterized by a weakening of the immune system.
-Syndrome means that refer to group of symptom that collectively indicate or characterize a disease.
HIV destroys a certain kind of blood cell (CD4 +Tcells), which is crucial to the normal function of the human immune system. By killing or damaging cells of the body's immune system, HIV progressively destroys the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers.
Studies on families of HIV infected people have shown clearly that HIV is not spread through casual contact such as sharing of food, utensils, towels and bedding, telephones or toilet seats.
Biting insects such as mosquitoes or bedbugs does not spread HIV. HIV is not transmitted by day-to-day contact on the work place, school or social setting. HIV is not transmitted through shaking hands and hugging. HIV is not an air borne or food borne virus and it does not live long outside the body. HIV can only be found in the blood, semen or vaginal fluid of an infected person.
HIV is a virus that infects humans and thus cannot be transmitted to or carried by non-human animals. The only exception to this is a few chimpanzees. Because HIV is not found in animals it is not possible for HIV to be transmitted from an animal bite, such as from a dog or cat.
The first symptoms of HIV infection can resemble symptoms of common cold or flu, some people, who contact HIV, experience very strong symptoms but other experience none at all. Those who do have symptoms generally experience fever, fatigues and often rash. Other common symptoms can include headache, swollen lymph nodes and sore throat. These symptoms can occur within day of weeks of the initial exposure to the virus. Because of the non-specific and symptoms associated with primary or acute infections, symptoms are not a reliable way to diagnosis of HIV infection testing of antibodies is the only way to know.
AIDS was first reported in the United States in 1981 and has since become a major/Worldwide epidemic. AIDS is a condition brought about by a virus (HIV), which causes the body's immune system to become deficient. It leaves the sufferer exposed to infection. A subspecies of chimpanzees native to went equatorial Africa, had been identified as the original source of the virus named HIV Researchers believe that HIV (Human Immune Deficiency Virus) was introduced into the human population when hunters become exposed to infected blood.
Causes of HIV infection:
· Having sex without using condoms with an infected partner.
· Sharing needles or other contaminated injection or skin piercing equipment.
· Blood and blood products through infected transfusion and organ or tissue transplants.
· Transmission from infected mother to child in the womb or at birth and breast-feeding.
AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
-Acquired means that the disease is not hereditary but develops from contact with a disease – Causing Virus.
-Immune deficiency means that the disease is characterized by a weakening of the immune system.
-Syndrome means that refer to group of symptom that collectively indicate or characterize a disease.
HIV destroys a certain kind of blood cell (CD4 +Tcells), which is crucial to the normal function of the human immune system. By killing or damaging cells of the body's immune system, HIV progressively destroys the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers.
Studies on families of HIV infected people have shown clearly that HIV is not spread through casual contact such as sharing of food, utensils, towels and bedding, telephones or toilet seats.
Biting insects such as mosquitoes or bedbugs does not spread HIV. HIV is not transmitted by day-to-day contact on the work place, school or social setting. HIV is not transmitted through shaking hands and hugging. HIV is not an air borne or food borne virus and it does not live long outside the body. HIV can only be found in the blood, semen or vaginal fluid of an infected person.
HIV is a virus that infects humans and thus cannot be transmitted to or carried by non-human animals. The only exception to this is a few chimpanzees. Because HIV is not found in animals it is not possible for HIV to be transmitted from an animal bite, such as from a dog or cat.
The first symptoms of HIV infection can resemble symptoms of common cold or flu, some people, who contact HIV, experience very strong symptoms but other experience none at all. Those who do have symptoms generally experience fever, fatigues and often rash. Other common symptoms can include headache, swollen lymph nodes and sore throat. These symptoms can occur within day of weeks of the initial exposure to the virus. Because of the non-specific and symptoms associated with primary or acute infections, symptoms are not a reliable way to diagnosis of HIV infection testing of antibodies is the only way to know.
Review of "Studying mass media Ethics"
Review of "Studying mass media Ethics"
By: Bala Ram Prajapati
Author:- Nirmala Mani Adhikari
Book:- Studying mass media Ethics
Price:- 125
Page:-159 + 6
Publisher;- Prasanti Pustak Bhandar
Published Date:- 2006
ISBN:- 9933-687-8-4
"The adoption of code of ethics by media professionals can be viewed as the adoption of the social responsibility theory."(pp 27). This line clarifies the intent of the book "Studying mass media ethics" by Nirmala Mani Adhikari. Ethics means the moral principle. Ethics is the study of what we ought to do. In a real sense ethics has to do with duty – duty to self and duty to others1. It is the guiding principle that governs the individual or a profession. It is concerned with distinguishing between good and evil in the world, between right and wrong human actions, and between virtuous and non- virtuous characteristics of people. (pp 1)
The persons involved in the media are directly or indirectly involved in the affairs of public people. They have to make various decisions what to publish how. Ethics is an important concern in the field of Journalism. Mass communicators like journalist are right in the middle of all sorts of ethical problems in daily work environment2. So, for catering the information about the need of the ethics Nirmala Mani Adhikari has attempted to inform the media professional including the students of mass communication as well as the interested public about the ethics; in the media sector. The book is divided into three parts . First unit is allotted as the introduction to mass media ethics. Second unit describes mass media in Nepal and the third unit is dedicated for the various codes to ethics issued in various knocks of the world.
The book begins with the definition of ethics -- the motivation based on the ideas of right and wrong; the moral philosophy (pp. 1) then the mass media ethics and its relevance to media professionals is described. The writer has also attempted to differentiate code of ethics and law. The law gives out line of minimum level of external human behavior stating if you would violate these minimum standards then you will be punished. On the other hand, the code of ethics sets out line of ideal behavior that a professional ought to follow. (pp 5) The press or the media maintain certain standard to be accepted in the society. The freedom of press means the freedom of journalists' to convey the information of public interest they gather as well as the freedom of public to know the news of public interest. Citing the press freedom media cannot air all sorts of information it gets. It has been accepted that self control or self limitation is the best way in maintaining freedom and responsibility of mass media keeping this in view journalists have developed their code of ethics3.
A very novel issue the author has presented in the book is the ethics from the Hindu point of view. He has provided various definitions of ethics in Hindu philosophy. "Atamanam Pratiklani Paresham na Samacharet" meaning not to do any thing that you do not entertain for yourself from Vishnu Puran, and Chanakya's "Tyajedekam Kulasyarthe Gramasyarthe Kulam Tyajet; Gramam Janapadasyarthe Atmarthe Prithiveem Tyajet." meaning good for the greatest number in societal matters and good for the atma (soul) in spritual matters, are some examples (pp 9,10)
The book has sections dedicated for the further discussion in which the author has provided brief account of history of philosophy ranging from Pythagoras to Bertrand Russell. In the history chapter the author has mentioned the fact that after the discovery of scientific laws that states functioning of solar system and the evolutionary theory of Darwin the ethics changed this proves the authors claim in the first chapter that ethics is proportional to social reality and the social truth is always relative. (pp 1)
The second unit describes mass media in Nepal. In the chapter he has mentioned the early "katuwals" to latest information technology being used in Nepali media. The mentioning of the constitutional provisions has added to the relevance of the book.
The third section of the book provides us the knowledge about prevalent codes of ethics in the world. It helps us to compare and contrast ethics according to various social factors. For e.g. the Islamic mass media charter declared by the Islamic media conference (Jakarta 1980)in contrast with other media ethics has emphasized in boosting the Islam by uniting the Muslims and combating the opponents like Zionist and its colonialist policy that is creating suppression of the Palestinian people (pp 86). So at the base of ethics is an allegiance to truth (pp 1), which is always relative.
The book is very good attempt in the field of media ethics in Nepali context. Thought there are certain spaces for questions. The author would have acquired more pats on the shoulder if he had mentioned the development of ethics and ethical practices instead or along with the development of mass media in second unit. The misplacement of the journalist's code of ethics 2060 of Nepal is also notable (pp 52). It would be better if included in third unit. The author could have descried changes in ethical practice with the evolution of verious technologies like Radio (FM Radios) and Televisions instead or along with their development in Nepal.
The writer seems unable to describe certain topics adequately like "Approaches to ethics" and "Taking ethical decision by using potter's box. (pp 6-7). In unit three too the author could provide the back ground on which the ethics has been issued to ease the readers understand the social reality that ethics base upon.To sum up the book is helpful for the Bachelors level students of mass communication.
1: Nirmala mani Adhikari, Communication Mass Media and Journalism. Prasanti Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2005,pp. 183
2: Nirmala mani Adhikari, Communication Mass Media and Journalism. Prasanti Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2005,pp. 183
3; Nirmala mani Adhikari, Communication Mass Media and Journalism. Prasanti Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2005,pp. 184
By: Bala Ram Prajapati
Author:- Nirmala Mani Adhikari
Book:- Studying mass media Ethics
Price:- 125
Page:-159 + 6
Publisher;- Prasanti Pustak Bhandar
Published Date:- 2006
ISBN:- 9933-687-8-4
"The adoption of code of ethics by media professionals can be viewed as the adoption of the social responsibility theory."(pp 27). This line clarifies the intent of the book "Studying mass media ethics" by Nirmala Mani Adhikari. Ethics means the moral principle. Ethics is the study of what we ought to do. In a real sense ethics has to do with duty – duty to self and duty to others1. It is the guiding principle that governs the individual or a profession. It is concerned with distinguishing between good and evil in the world, between right and wrong human actions, and between virtuous and non- virtuous characteristics of people. (pp 1)
The persons involved in the media are directly or indirectly involved in the affairs of public people. They have to make various decisions what to publish how. Ethics is an important concern in the field of Journalism. Mass communicators like journalist are right in the middle of all sorts of ethical problems in daily work environment2. So, for catering the information about the need of the ethics Nirmala Mani Adhikari has attempted to inform the media professional including the students of mass communication as well as the interested public about the ethics; in the media sector. The book is divided into three parts . First unit is allotted as the introduction to mass media ethics. Second unit describes mass media in Nepal and the third unit is dedicated for the various codes to ethics issued in various knocks of the world.
The book begins with the definition of ethics -- the motivation based on the ideas of right and wrong; the moral philosophy (pp. 1) then the mass media ethics and its relevance to media professionals is described. The writer has also attempted to differentiate code of ethics and law. The law gives out line of minimum level of external human behavior stating if you would violate these minimum standards then you will be punished. On the other hand, the code of ethics sets out line of ideal behavior that a professional ought to follow. (pp 5) The press or the media maintain certain standard to be accepted in the society. The freedom of press means the freedom of journalists' to convey the information of public interest they gather as well as the freedom of public to know the news of public interest. Citing the press freedom media cannot air all sorts of information it gets. It has been accepted that self control or self limitation is the best way in maintaining freedom and responsibility of mass media keeping this in view journalists have developed their code of ethics3.
A very novel issue the author has presented in the book is the ethics from the Hindu point of view. He has provided various definitions of ethics in Hindu philosophy. "Atamanam Pratiklani Paresham na Samacharet" meaning not to do any thing that you do not entertain for yourself from Vishnu Puran, and Chanakya's "Tyajedekam Kulasyarthe Gramasyarthe Kulam Tyajet; Gramam Janapadasyarthe Atmarthe Prithiveem Tyajet." meaning good for the greatest number in societal matters and good for the atma (soul) in spritual matters, are some examples (pp 9,10)
The book has sections dedicated for the further discussion in which the author has provided brief account of history of philosophy ranging from Pythagoras to Bertrand Russell. In the history chapter the author has mentioned the fact that after the discovery of scientific laws that states functioning of solar system and the evolutionary theory of Darwin the ethics changed this proves the authors claim in the first chapter that ethics is proportional to social reality and the social truth is always relative. (pp 1)
The second unit describes mass media in Nepal. In the chapter he has mentioned the early "katuwals" to latest information technology being used in Nepali media. The mentioning of the constitutional provisions has added to the relevance of the book.
The third section of the book provides us the knowledge about prevalent codes of ethics in the world. It helps us to compare and contrast ethics according to various social factors. For e.g. the Islamic mass media charter declared by the Islamic media conference (Jakarta 1980)in contrast with other media ethics has emphasized in boosting the Islam by uniting the Muslims and combating the opponents like Zionist and its colonialist policy that is creating suppression of the Palestinian people (pp 86). So at the base of ethics is an allegiance to truth (pp 1), which is always relative.
The book is very good attempt in the field of media ethics in Nepali context. Thought there are certain spaces for questions. The author would have acquired more pats on the shoulder if he had mentioned the development of ethics and ethical practices instead or along with the development of mass media in second unit. The misplacement of the journalist's code of ethics 2060 of Nepal is also notable (pp 52). It would be better if included in third unit. The author could have descried changes in ethical practice with the evolution of verious technologies like Radio (FM Radios) and Televisions instead or along with their development in Nepal.
The writer seems unable to describe certain topics adequately like "Approaches to ethics" and "Taking ethical decision by using potter's box. (pp 6-7). In unit three too the author could provide the back ground on which the ethics has been issued to ease the readers understand the social reality that ethics base upon.To sum up the book is helpful for the Bachelors level students of mass communication.
1: Nirmala mani Adhikari, Communication Mass Media and Journalism. Prasanti Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2005,pp. 183
2: Nirmala mani Adhikari, Communication Mass Media and Journalism. Prasanti Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2005,pp. 183
3; Nirmala mani Adhikari, Communication Mass Media and Journalism. Prasanti Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2005,pp. 184
Sunday, December 10, 2006
Just a moment with Nalina Chitrakar
Nalina Chitrakar who born on 10th September 1973, is well known name in Nepali music arena. She stepped in the music with the song 'timero adhar…' her debut album is 'priatama'. Her first concert held at Rastrya Sabha griha. She like guitar amongst the musical instrument, she loves traveling, swimming, and specially likes Nepali food - gundruk: Chinese dishes very much. She likes football most in the games and car and bike in the vehicles. She likes blue, black, and red colour. And prefers shadi, T-shirts and kurtas in dresses. Sapana shree, Aasha Bhosle are the female singers she likes and amongst male singers she adores premdhoj pradhan and San. She did her first photo session with her maternal uncle Rejendra Chitrakar, 'pani pani…….', 'yekaichhin…….', are the music vedioes she best liked amongst her own music vedioes. She quotes her husband as the first lover and had first dating at Spot Marco polo. She loves her son the most . Nalina is called 'motu' at home and her first gift in life is a toy from her father. Winter loving Nalina loves her gregarious nature.
By Sunita Karki
By Sunita Karki
The river returns...... A short story
The land reddens, the human corpses scatters. Countering the bombs, TNTs and bullets, the ready bosoms seems standing with pride and stance. Time passes. Thousands of children are destined to orphan and more than thousands are doomed to become widow. Even the villains heart proudly suppressing self ads an incarnation of god is not touched. Time passes. The war escalates; the blood floods. The invincible storm of energy flows. From six year child to eighty years old marches enthusiastically, They were confident the river returns in 12 years and at last the inevitable occurred. The river returned. The oppressing autocracy became compelled to bow before the united people. The tunnel of the gun is broken, boom, bullets and gun powders extinct. And at last all people got sense….Oh breath of peace after a long run of time
By balaram shrestha
By balaram shrestha
Self Satisfaction
When the question rises, what gives happiness to the human being, most of the people reply the same answer that self satisfaction. Thinking ourselves as a complete man is said to be self satisfaction. A person who remains happy in his life seems to be satisfied. If we feel fulfilled ourselves in the things we have and complete our work being happy, we can achieve self satisfaction.
People never feel satisfied with the things which they have. This is human nature. This is the reason why people seem to be happy outside but in actual they are not happy. The achievement of life is “Self Satisfaction”.
How to achieve self satisfaction:
1. Self Confidence:
The first step of self satisfaction is Self Confidence. If we think that I can surely do this work and this work will help me to be successful person, this confidence will make us a successful person, than we will surely find satisfaction within us. Without self confidence, one cannot be a successful person. Confidence is the atmabal of every human being.
2. Physical exercise:
The most important part of our life is good health without good health, we could not remain happy even for a second. Physical exercise avoids our worried ness and monotonous day. Yoga, physical exercise makes a human satisfied because such exercise makes the body, mind and heart fresh and freshness is the part of self satisfaction.
3. Patience:
Another thing is patience. If we have ability to be patience at any difficulties and struggle with the problem, we always feel happy and happiness is the most important step of satisfaction.
4. Trusting and worshiping god also gives us satisfaction. When we are in tension, at that time if we remember god, we feel relief. That relief is also the means of satisfaction.
5. Serving others gives us satisfaction. If we can serve others at the time of their necessity, our heart feel too delight that time. When we help and serve the disable and poor, we feel satisfied within ourselves.
These are the steps from which we can achieve Self Satisfaction. I felt so.
By Suja Dulal
People never feel satisfied with the things which they have. This is human nature. This is the reason why people seem to be happy outside but in actual they are not happy. The achievement of life is “Self Satisfaction”.
How to achieve self satisfaction:
1. Self Confidence:
The first step of self satisfaction is Self Confidence. If we think that I can surely do this work and this work will help me to be successful person, this confidence will make us a successful person, than we will surely find satisfaction within us. Without self confidence, one cannot be a successful person. Confidence is the atmabal of every human being.
2. Physical exercise:
The most important part of our life is good health without good health, we could not remain happy even for a second. Physical exercise avoids our worried ness and monotonous day. Yoga, physical exercise makes a human satisfied because such exercise makes the body, mind and heart fresh and freshness is the part of self satisfaction.
3. Patience:
Another thing is patience. If we have ability to be patience at any difficulties and struggle with the problem, we always feel happy and happiness is the most important step of satisfaction.
4. Trusting and worshiping god also gives us satisfaction. When we are in tension, at that time if we remember god, we feel relief. That relief is also the means of satisfaction.
5. Serving others gives us satisfaction. If we can serve others at the time of their necessity, our heart feel too delight that time. When we help and serve the disable and poor, we feel satisfied within ourselves.
These are the steps from which we can achieve Self Satisfaction. I felt so.
By Suja Dulal
Saturday, November 04, 2006
Friday, November 03, 2006
Wednesday, November 01, 2006
Opening of ageing helping home.
The Aged Helping Group
Kamal Vinayak, Bhaktapur-4
Tel: - 2094107
Est.: 2052
Date:2062/9/10
Sub: Opening of ageing helping home.
We are proud to inform that ‘the aged helping group’ has recently opened an ageing helping home to support those living aged life after completing their service to the nation and society.
Feeling the sentimental of the old aged people; being lonely at home in absence of the family members who go tot out for work and education; we have initiated to support them. Aur aged helping home is located at kamal vinayak with all required facilities to entertain and activate old minds. So the interested one are requested to contact us.
Balaram prajapati
President
The Aged Helping Group.
Kamal Vinayak, Bhaktapur-4
Tel: - 2094107
Est.: 2052
Date:2062/9/10
Sub: Opening of ageing helping home.
We are proud to inform that ‘the aged helping group’ has recently opened an ageing helping home to support those living aged life after completing their service to the nation and society.
Feeling the sentimental of the old aged people; being lonely at home in absence of the family members who go tot out for work and education; we have initiated to support them. Aur aged helping home is located at kamal vinayak with all required facilities to entertain and activate old minds. So the interested one are requested to contact us.
Balaram prajapati
President
The Aged Helping Group.
“Discuss and distinguish copy editing, rewriting, and proof reading in the news operation.”
The whole process under gone to produce news story to be read or listened or viewed by the audiences is news –operation. It is also called journalistic process. In the journalistic process the reporter, editors and other employees of a media house under go various processes: reporting, copy editing, design, and final editing.
In reporting the reporters gathers and writes the news. While gathering the news the reporter approaches the source make observation takes notes inquires verifies in formation investigates processes information and analyses and interpret the information. Then the reporter writes the news in proper format it suits. Then the news story goes to the desk where the copy editors make the corrections on the language, facts mentioned in the story the editing process also checks if the story intrudes existing laws. The editing process also incorporates the rewriting and ate proof reading process.
Copy editor checks the content as well as the form of the news presented by the reporter, he corrects if he traces out any faults found language. If there is some ambiguity in the content he can consult the references or even call the reporter for the accuracy. If any thing mistake is found in the content he is expected to make correction. Indeed the reporter does filters the news content whether the story fits the audience s or not/ if the story posses and negative effects or not? Editing is must. The reporter, having direct contact with the persons involved in the events or incidents is highly prone to prejudices. The happening might manipulate their mind to become bias by what they see and listen. So the copyeditors edits for the impartiality too. The editor also check s if the story encroaches the existing legal boundaries. The copy editors checks if the story is subjected to libel, if it is doi8ng any kind of contempt of court or if the news is revealing the secret security issue. If the story intrudes the prevalent laws then the story is remade by the copy editor. The copy editor also changes the forms to suit the new if the form provided by the reporter is awfully undeserving to the story.
The rewriting of the news may be done after the copy editing if there is adequate time then is is better to do the rewriting for the unnoticed faults can be traced out. But as journalism is literature in hurry to believe Andrew Marvell, it is rarely possible to do again and again. Actually the preson who writes the news on the basis of facts provided by the leg reporters used to be called the rewrite man. But in the present context the re write man remake the story that has to be re-formed.
Proof reading is done after the completion of copyediting. It is done to check whether the computer typed paper correspond the edited copy by the copy editor. He only edits the computer typed paper to make it correspond the edited copy by the copy editor.
Copy editor can change the form as well as the content of the news story but the proof reader cant change the form and content of the story. He is not expected to do that even he finds any mistakes then he first has to consult the copy editor and then only he can make changes in the mistakes traced out. The rewrite man rewrites the news after the completion of the copy editing or proof reading and also writes the news brought by the leg reporter.
In reporting the reporters gathers and writes the news. While gathering the news the reporter approaches the source make observation takes notes inquires verifies in formation investigates processes information and analyses and interpret the information. Then the reporter writes the news in proper format it suits. Then the news story goes to the desk where the copy editors make the corrections on the language, facts mentioned in the story the editing process also checks if the story intrudes existing laws. The editing process also incorporates the rewriting and ate proof reading process.
Copy editor checks the content as well as the form of the news presented by the reporter, he corrects if he traces out any faults found language. If there is some ambiguity in the content he can consult the references or even call the reporter for the accuracy. If any thing mistake is found in the content he is expected to make correction. Indeed the reporter does filters the news content whether the story fits the audience s or not/ if the story posses and negative effects or not? Editing is must. The reporter, having direct contact with the persons involved in the events or incidents is highly prone to prejudices. The happening might manipulate their mind to become bias by what they see and listen. So the copyeditors edits for the impartiality too. The editor also check s if the story encroaches the existing legal boundaries. The copy editors checks if the story is subjected to libel, if it is doi8ng any kind of contempt of court or if the news is revealing the secret security issue. If the story intrudes the prevalent laws then the story is remade by the copy editor. The copy editor also changes the forms to suit the new if the form provided by the reporter is awfully undeserving to the story.
The rewriting of the news may be done after the copy editing if there is adequate time then is is better to do the rewriting for the unnoticed faults can be traced out. But as journalism is literature in hurry to believe Andrew Marvell, it is rarely possible to do again and again. Actually the preson who writes the news on the basis of facts provided by the leg reporters used to be called the rewrite man. But in the present context the re write man remake the story that has to be re-formed.
Proof reading is done after the completion of copyediting. It is done to check whether the computer typed paper correspond the edited copy by the copy editor. He only edits the computer typed paper to make it correspond the edited copy by the copy editor.
Copy editor can change the form as well as the content of the news story but the proof reader cant change the form and content of the story. He is not expected to do that even he finds any mistakes then he first has to consult the copy editor and then only he can make changes in the mistakes traced out. The rewrite man rewrites the news after the completion of the copy editing or proof reading and also writes the news brought by the leg reporter.
PageLayout
The physical appearance of the news is lay out. Lay out includes the arrangement of type and art. How the paper is displayed amongst the audience, which is lay out. Layout and make up are synonymous words. After make up is completed the lay out is prepared.
There are various elements they are used in make up of the news paper. Magazine as well as book, the lay our designer can use the type; he can employ its size and grade to emphasize the news. Lines can be used for highlighting the news story; various colors to make the news piece attractive. Well combination of the text picture and the space can in hence the look of the paper leading to attract the attention of the public to become its audience.
Basically one can argue to nominalise the importance of designing of the paper and ask for improvements on the content and form of news alone. Bur how a reader can notice the well concluded first class news unless proper designing of the paper is done? It makes the reader harder to track down the news in paper. It may be the collection of alphabets and pictures without any sense. There are very few number of readers who ferrets down into the news paper to acquire the designated news story nut most often the reader reads the piece after they get it noticed. So the news story should be arranged properly according to their news value as the accepted fact the magazines and papers can influence its readers thus the arrangement of the news can pose upon the mind of the readers the value of the news.
Let’s presume a paper has to present a human right violence by a security person in a particular village to poor people in a rural area. Of course the news story is of significant news value but it is not possible to present as banner news. It has to be conveyed up to general public with importance and that should be accomplished with in the particular limit. Here the designer can play great role in presenting the news in box; the news may be enclosed by a thick line; the designer may again emphasis the news providing it with light black background he can also use a different type or italicize the font to make it noticed.
So the lay out and page makeup has a big thing to do with the journalism.
There are various elements they are used in make up of the news paper. Magazine as well as book, the lay our designer can use the type; he can employ its size and grade to emphasize the news. Lines can be used for highlighting the news story; various colors to make the news piece attractive. Well combination of the text picture and the space can in hence the look of the paper leading to attract the attention of the public to become its audience.
Basically one can argue to nominalise the importance of designing of the paper and ask for improvements on the content and form of news alone. Bur how a reader can notice the well concluded first class news unless proper designing of the paper is done? It makes the reader harder to track down the news in paper. It may be the collection of alphabets and pictures without any sense. There are very few number of readers who ferrets down into the news paper to acquire the designated news story nut most often the reader reads the piece after they get it noticed. So the news story should be arranged properly according to their news value as the accepted fact the magazines and papers can influence its readers thus the arrangement of the news can pose upon the mind of the readers the value of the news.
Let’s presume a paper has to present a human right violence by a security person in a particular village to poor people in a rural area. Of course the news story is of significant news value but it is not possible to present as banner news. It has to be conveyed up to general public with importance and that should be accomplished with in the particular limit. Here the designer can play great role in presenting the news in box; the news may be enclosed by a thick line; the designer may again emphasis the news providing it with light black background he can also use a different type or italicize the font to make it noticed.
So the lay out and page makeup has a big thing to do with the journalism.
Development journalism
We understand journalism as the collection and dissemination of ‘news’. By ‘news’ we mean the thing that appeals the people, affects the people and is important to the people. This definition of journalism is termed as the conventional journalism by those who focus on the development factor of the human aspect. They argue communication as the total whole of sharing of information so that the whole human kind can transform themselves to more advance state than they are at the present.
In the developed countries the practice of journalism seems and is to aware the public about political issue . This is relevant to them for they have achieved advanced technologies to support their daily life activities and have maintained good standard of life. But that practice of journalism dies not seem fit in those under developed countries who have to do a lot on the field of socio-economic transformation of the society. It is important to give political awareness to the people too, but shouldn’t overlook the geographical facts. It becomes ridiculous if one speaks meticulous aspects of complicated policies if one is unaware about the importance of washing hands before and after having meal.
So, realizing the influence and capacity of the mass communication, the development experts especially in the Asian region started to speak about development journalism in 1980s. They said mass media should be employed to change the society, socio-economically as well.
Different form the conventional reporting, development journalism have different characteristics of reporting. Conventionally there was a concept that ‘bad news is good news’ but this new innovation suggested to report about the progressing aspects of the human beings too, which will in place of frustration will help emerge a light of hope amongst the readers.
The development journalism has no dead line as in the conventional journalism. It shouldn’t be the recent fact so that it becomes news. The development effort made by the group of people can be the news even if that is some days old story. No such urgency is required.
It is not the reporting of long tirades of the political leaders but should be based on the vast research. The reporter should reach the community which has initiated the development to report the happening and talk to the people involved. So it is also a type of investigative reporting. If any programs to be launched then the reporter shouldn’t skip any facets. He has to analyze all the possible impacts upon the targeted locals.
Traditional journalism reports the events what happened at a particular time, but the development journalism is the reporting of process. It reports the whole process of development from the situation before development of the advanced progress of people after the development
In the developed countries the practice of journalism seems and is to aware the public about political issue . This is relevant to them for they have achieved advanced technologies to support their daily life activities and have maintained good standard of life. But that practice of journalism dies not seem fit in those under developed countries who have to do a lot on the field of socio-economic transformation of the society. It is important to give political awareness to the people too, but shouldn’t overlook the geographical facts. It becomes ridiculous if one speaks meticulous aspects of complicated policies if one is unaware about the importance of washing hands before and after having meal.
So, realizing the influence and capacity of the mass communication, the development experts especially in the Asian region started to speak about development journalism in 1980s. They said mass media should be employed to change the society, socio-economically as well.
Different form the conventional reporting, development journalism have different characteristics of reporting. Conventionally there was a concept that ‘bad news is good news’ but this new innovation suggested to report about the progressing aspects of the human beings too, which will in place of frustration will help emerge a light of hope amongst the readers.
The development journalism has no dead line as in the conventional journalism. It shouldn’t be the recent fact so that it becomes news. The development effort made by the group of people can be the news even if that is some days old story. No such urgency is required.
It is not the reporting of long tirades of the political leaders but should be based on the vast research. The reporter should reach the community which has initiated the development to report the happening and talk to the people involved. So it is also a type of investigative reporting. If any programs to be launched then the reporter shouldn’t skip any facets. He has to analyze all the possible impacts upon the targeted locals.
Traditional journalism reports the events what happened at a particular time, but the development journalism is the reporting of process. It reports the whole process of development from the situation before development of the advanced progress of people after the development
“Communication and culture are closely related”
Communication is a social process in which the members of society share information. The process occurs in society. So definitely there are relations between communication and culture for culture is society’s inalienable element. Meanings of the symbols vary from culture to culture. And to communicate the communicator use symbol that is recognized for certain thing. E.g. almost every part of the world shakes head to deny but in Botswana certain tribesman shakes head to mean their acceptance.
Editorial Indipendence
In present context pluralism is widely accepted ideology. According to JS Mills there should be no restriction to any single person to express what one feels. He advocates on full freedom of speech. In many cases the thing acknowledged by the majority may not do welfare to the whole community. The expression of the minority may fit the solution of the problem. And another thing is that mere expression of the individual’s thought is not going to puss the cart, it is the action that roles and directs it. But is for sure that the expression of speech can help shape the action. And it is reliable that the cognitive human beings after having the audience of all the facets of the prevailing problem will more acurately decide for the good of society.
Here lies the root of press freedom, the freedom of expression. The freedom of information as a whole, is the modified form of freedom of speech, for it also includes the freedom of information of the general public who now is undoubtedly received as the source of state power theoretically.
But practically there are various hurdles for the press and do have certain responsibilities that restricts its total freedom. In many cases the government authority and press seems conflicting. The authority wants press to act as per its interest but the press, if we see its history find struggling to be independent from such restriction. Where the persons in the authority forget their source of power, the sovereignty of the people it is seen that there the authority presses the press. And in the opposite context where the freedom is given to the press, the authority committes various wrong doing but are letter corrected by court.
There would not be any impact upon the mass people by the speech of an individual but if it is covered by the mass media it certainly does. The degree may vary according to the situation. For this reason there should be self censorship within the press to exercise the freedom of the society. Its work is to smooth the unsmooth running society rather than distorting the trend of the smoothly running society.
These are the terms, conditions,and rules somehow establishing the freedom of press when we view the press as a unit in comparison to the other social units such as government, public organisation etc. As a part of society, as a unit of society now almost every people agrees on press freedom. But as an organisation its parts or the departments must have freedom to ensure the intended press freedom. If we view the press dissecting it to other sub units there again comes the issue of freedom under subjugation. Editor in context of newspaper should be given freedom to choose and give importance to particular news as the head of the news department in a media house.
Theoretically he had the total light over the newshole but is not happening in global context too. Here it is relevant to quote a quotation “who pays the piper tunes the pipe”. But the principle states all the responsibility of what appear in newspaper goes upon the editor so he should be superior in making decision what should appear in the paper and what should not. He should not be pressed from and by any other bodies within and outside the media house to shape the paper inclusive of the proprietor who owns the paper and may attempt to direct the paper for the economic benefit alone. This freedom of editor to deicide to shape the newspaper, to decide how as the radio-news should sound in news program and what the sound and the motion should be in television and news content in other form is widely known as editorial independence.
Here lies the root of press freedom, the freedom of expression. The freedom of information as a whole, is the modified form of freedom of speech, for it also includes the freedom of information of the general public who now is undoubtedly received as the source of state power theoretically.
But practically there are various hurdles for the press and do have certain responsibilities that restricts its total freedom. In many cases the government authority and press seems conflicting. The authority wants press to act as per its interest but the press, if we see its history find struggling to be independent from such restriction. Where the persons in the authority forget their source of power, the sovereignty of the people it is seen that there the authority presses the press. And in the opposite context where the freedom is given to the press, the authority committes various wrong doing but are letter corrected by court.
There would not be any impact upon the mass people by the speech of an individual but if it is covered by the mass media it certainly does. The degree may vary according to the situation. For this reason there should be self censorship within the press to exercise the freedom of the society. Its work is to smooth the unsmooth running society rather than distorting the trend of the smoothly running society.
These are the terms, conditions,and rules somehow establishing the freedom of press when we view the press as a unit in comparison to the other social units such as government, public organisation etc. As a part of society, as a unit of society now almost every people agrees on press freedom. But as an organisation its parts or the departments must have freedom to ensure the intended press freedom. If we view the press dissecting it to other sub units there again comes the issue of freedom under subjugation. Editor in context of newspaper should be given freedom to choose and give importance to particular news as the head of the news department in a media house.
Theoretically he had the total light over the newshole but is not happening in global context too. Here it is relevant to quote a quotation “who pays the piper tunes the pipe”. But the principle states all the responsibility of what appear in newspaper goes upon the editor so he should be superior in making decision what should appear in the paper and what should not. He should not be pressed from and by any other bodies within and outside the media house to shape the paper inclusive of the proprietor who owns the paper and may attempt to direct the paper for the economic benefit alone. This freedom of editor to deicide to shape the newspaper, to decide how as the radio-news should sound in news program and what the sound and the motion should be in television and news content in other form is widely known as editorial independence.
Friday, October 27, 2006
How mass media could be used for rural development in Nepal?
How mass media could be used for rural development in Nepal?
Information can change society, there is no doubt. There are various ways of disseminating information. People share their views and ideas as well as experiences through communication. There are various levels of communication namely, intra, inter, group and mass communication. Amongst those, mass communication is a special type of communication where a professional communicator produces and disseminates the symbolic media content through a mass media, to the large, unlimited, varied and heterogonous audiences.
As states earlier, information can change society it is obvious that mass media can play vital role in bringing changes in the society, with in the process of mass communication all the levels of communication do comes under too. While giving feedback to the content conveyed by the media people or the audiences may involve in intra, inter or group communication. And that helps in diffusion of innovation. One may have got the notion of some sort of development from media. He or she can convey the message to the friends and neighbor that in changes the wholesome of the community.
In the context of rural development, it can do a lot of thing in upbringing he life standard of the rural people. Particularly, talking about the rural Nepal mass media can play decisive role in developing the rural areas. The people there prefer the news about the new technologies and method they can use in their fields to the political speeches made by so called charismatic leader. The media can give them information about the ways of modern agriculture, poultry farming and other things than the traditional way of agriculture, providing them with more economic support to them. Media can encourage then by informing then bout the success stories of various people around the globe, which they made possible by abiding the newly developed techniques. In Nepal, in recent years people gad tried to use mass media for the development of rural areas. Various local radios are involves in those places disseminating programs helping people to gain access up to the messages from numerous discipline of knowledge. Different radios in rural areas as well as the state owned radio had already run in previous years and new running in the current year the educational programs for SLC graduates. The radio station forwarded by underground Maoist is a pirate radio but in one way or other is making the people aware. Let’s hope the modern IT reach the rural part of Nepal soon them that can bring the people’s access up to the global network which they can use to get any type of in formation they require in course of their daily activities toward upliftment of their life standard, that is their development.
Information can change society, there is no doubt. There are various ways of disseminating information. People share their views and ideas as well as experiences through communication. There are various levels of communication namely, intra, inter, group and mass communication. Amongst those, mass communication is a special type of communication where a professional communicator produces and disseminates the symbolic media content through a mass media, to the large, unlimited, varied and heterogonous audiences.
As states earlier, information can change society it is obvious that mass media can play vital role in bringing changes in the society, with in the process of mass communication all the levels of communication do comes under too. While giving feedback to the content conveyed by the media people or the audiences may involve in intra, inter or group communication. And that helps in diffusion of innovation. One may have got the notion of some sort of development from media. He or she can convey the message to the friends and neighbor that in changes the wholesome of the community.
In the context of rural development, it can do a lot of thing in upbringing he life standard of the rural people. Particularly, talking about the rural Nepal mass media can play decisive role in developing the rural areas. The people there prefer the news about the new technologies and method they can use in their fields to the political speeches made by so called charismatic leader. The media can give them information about the ways of modern agriculture, poultry farming and other things than the traditional way of agriculture, providing them with more economic support to them. Media can encourage then by informing then bout the success stories of various people around the globe, which they made possible by abiding the newly developed techniques. In Nepal, in recent years people gad tried to use mass media for the development of rural areas. Various local radios are involves in those places disseminating programs helping people to gain access up to the messages from numerous discipline of knowledge. Different radios in rural areas as well as the state owned radio had already run in previous years and new running in the current year the educational programs for SLC graduates. The radio station forwarded by underground Maoist is a pirate radio but in one way or other is making the people aware. Let’s hope the modern IT reach the rural part of Nepal soon them that can bring the people’s access up to the global network which they can use to get any type of in formation they require in course of their daily activities toward upliftment of their life standard, that is their development.
Status of FM broadcasting in Kathmandu valley.
Status of FM broadcasting in Kathmandu valley.
Broadcasting is the dissemination of message into the air over an assigned frequency which is received by the receiving sets and is decoded to the audiences. That is it is the producing and designing media content to appeal to a broad audience segment and offered on air ways to a large no of people. Broadcasting includes radio and television. Radio was invented first as a means of broadcast. After James c. Maxwell predicted about the radio wave, Heinrich hertz discovered it after the decades. Marconi was the first person to transform message without wire in 1895. Radio receiving set was invented in 1806 and that was called vacuum tube. The today’s transistor was discovered in American in 1936. in Nepal first formal broadcasting station was established in 2007 chaitra 20. Prior to this ‘prajantra radio’ had come to the existence in Bhojpur, which as latter sifted to Biratnagar. Radio Nepal was the only radio station they was toiling to quench the hunger of the information to the Nepalese people through broadcasting. Later, Nepal television was established formally in 14th poush 2042. and then a F.M. radio was launched by radio Nepal in 2052bs. And in 2054 the first nongovernmental broadcasting station Sagarmatha f m was in the country. After that many fm stations were established in the country not only in the valley but also in the moffosuel.
FM radio stations had given emphasis to the news programs along with other entertaining and educational programs. Mostly the stations in the valleys are acquired of just airing the chief entertainment programs through some of them are known for the news broadcast ad quenching the information thirst of the people the interval of every hour. we can list thecharacterof the fm news broadcast as follows: -
Frequent airing of news bulletins: there are FMs which broadcast news in every in e hours in valley. This had helped people be up to date with the various happenings in and across the county.
Live reporting from the spot. The radios stations are emphasizing live reporting live reporting from the spot. Like, live reporting of the people’s movement from the spot.
Because the radio sets are available at a very cheap cost the news are also serving the lower strata of the population as well. It is seen that people at work may it be at the shops or offices are even at fields other work carry radio because it is available in very handy and portable size like that of lighter. So the audiences of FM news listeners seem larger than that of other news media.
The above mentioned points are the food aspects of fm news broadcast in valley. The following points are the negative aspects of the FM radio broadcast.
1. Lack of originality. They copy news from broadsheet dailies
2. Repetition of the same news throughout the day they seem lazy rewriting the news, in another style and format.
3. Poor grammar is another weakness of the fm news. Many grammatical mistakes
4. Lack of diversity in language and content. They seem to have failed to have failed to broadcast local languages like Tamang, Newari etc .They are giving the political news only.
5. Just gives what is seen in the surface.
6. No attempt to investigate inside the story
Broadcasting is the dissemination of message into the air over an assigned frequency which is received by the receiving sets and is decoded to the audiences. That is it is the producing and designing media content to appeal to a broad audience segment and offered on air ways to a large no of people. Broadcasting includes radio and television. Radio was invented first as a means of broadcast. After James c. Maxwell predicted about the radio wave, Heinrich hertz discovered it after the decades. Marconi was the first person to transform message without wire in 1895. Radio receiving set was invented in 1806 and that was called vacuum tube. The today’s transistor was discovered in American in 1936. in Nepal first formal broadcasting station was established in 2007 chaitra 20. Prior to this ‘prajantra radio’ had come to the existence in Bhojpur, which as latter sifted to Biratnagar. Radio Nepal was the only radio station they was toiling to quench the hunger of the information to the Nepalese people through broadcasting. Later, Nepal television was established formally in 14th poush 2042. and then a F.M. radio was launched by radio Nepal in 2052bs. And in 2054 the first nongovernmental broadcasting station Sagarmatha f m was in the country. After that many fm stations were established in the country not only in the valley but also in the moffosuel.
FM radio stations had given emphasis to the news programs along with other entertaining and educational programs. Mostly the stations in the valleys are acquired of just airing the chief entertainment programs through some of them are known for the news broadcast ad quenching the information thirst of the people the interval of every hour. we can list thecharacterof the fm news broadcast as follows: -
Frequent airing of news bulletins: there are FMs which broadcast news in every in e hours in valley. This had helped people be up to date with the various happenings in and across the county.
Live reporting from the spot. The radios stations are emphasizing live reporting live reporting from the spot. Like, live reporting of the people’s movement from the spot.
Because the radio sets are available at a very cheap cost the news are also serving the lower strata of the population as well. It is seen that people at work may it be at the shops or offices are even at fields other work carry radio because it is available in very handy and portable size like that of lighter. So the audiences of FM news listeners seem larger than that of other news media.
The above mentioned points are the food aspects of fm news broadcast in valley. The following points are the negative aspects of the FM radio broadcast.
1. Lack of originality. They copy news from broadsheet dailies
2. Repetition of the same news throughout the day they seem lazy rewriting the news, in another style and format.
3. Poor grammar is another weakness of the fm news. Many grammatical mistakes
4. Lack of diversity in language and content. They seem to have failed to have failed to broadcast local languages like Tamang, Newari etc .They are giving the political news only.
5. Just gives what is seen in the surface.
6. No attempt to investigate inside the story
Saturday, October 21, 2006
Press release
Date: 2062/9/10
The Afflicted society Bhaktapur
Vyashi Bhaktapur 10
TEL.6618480
Sub: pollution caused by the smoke of brick kiln.
No less than five hundred meter form the core area of Bhaktapur there are dozens of kilns’ chimneys emitting thick black smoke, which mix up with air to pollute it. Unquestionably, the present fixed chumminess are less harmful than those previous chumminess. But the aggregate pollution caused by the brick kilns has rocketed instead o f dealing with the implementation of new technology.
Our concern here is not about the smoke emitted by the chimneys of the kilns: but of course with the smoke; the smoke ejaculated through the entire of the vehicle. We, dwellers of this municipality are facing unnecessary overdose of air pollution. The brick factories are using dozens of vehicles to throw out smokes misusing the subsidized diesel, which actually was meant for the poor public. Of Nepal, to carry bricks from the making site to the baking furnace, conventionally the making site and the baking place used to be one but owing to the unfair competition the factories are compelling the land owners to lease their land to those whose firing site is far from the baking site not allowing the one which has the kiln at the very place.
So we cordially request the municipal and the district authority to manage the situation and help control the pollution.
Balaram prajapati
Present
The Afflicted society Bhaktapur
Vyashi Bhaktapur
The Afflicted society Bhaktapur
Vyashi Bhaktapur 10
TEL.6618480
Sub: pollution caused by the smoke of brick kiln.
No less than five hundred meter form the core area of Bhaktapur there are dozens of kilns’ chimneys emitting thick black smoke, which mix up with air to pollute it. Unquestionably, the present fixed chumminess are less harmful than those previous chumminess. But the aggregate pollution caused by the brick kilns has rocketed instead o f dealing with the implementation of new technology.
Our concern here is not about the smoke emitted by the chimneys of the kilns: but of course with the smoke; the smoke ejaculated through the entire of the vehicle. We, dwellers of this municipality are facing unnecessary overdose of air pollution. The brick factories are using dozens of vehicles to throw out smokes misusing the subsidized diesel, which actually was meant for the poor public. Of Nepal, to carry bricks from the making site to the baking furnace, conventionally the making site and the baking place used to be one but owing to the unfair competition the factories are compelling the land owners to lease their land to those whose firing site is far from the baking site not allowing the one which has the kiln at the very place.
So we cordially request the municipal and the district authority to manage the situation and help control the pollution.
Balaram prajapati
Present
The Afflicted society Bhaktapur
Vyashi Bhaktapur
Editing and reporting are not watertight compartments” Elaborate.
Reporting and Editing are two facets of journalistic process. Reporting includes the gathering of information to be paraphrased with a view to present it to be the audience. Where as the second facets within the journalistic process deals with the editing of the written document or the piece of information that the reporter had reported with an intention and intuition that the event worth public attention. The reporters do research. They reach the source, observe, inquires, take notes o r collects the information in any way, verifies the facts, and develops it to a news story to broadcast through the radio and television and or to print in the press or to upload to the designated site.
Undoubtedly, reporting and editing are closely related to each other. Editing is done on the news report, the story cover by the reporter. The employees working in the editing compartments of the media house checks the content and implies the proper form it deserves. the work of editing begins after the completion of the reporters job. Northcliff said reporters write the news but the editors make the news. Indeed the editors make the news brought to them to the desk. Editing means to revise, correct and improve the news stories. It involves checking the copy carefully, word by word and line by line in order to trace out any writing error of language, deviation from the factor the accuracy, if the it is legally safe or not. These factions of journalism decide what to appear how in front of the general public/audience. So they are also called the gatekeeper.
It is clear that the two facets of the journalism are closely related to each other, one is incomplete in absence of another aspect. Only reporting the event and incident is not journalism. Its accurate and interesting presentation does fall under the domain of the journalistic process. but even being closely entwined with each other they are not the water tight compartments; they have certain distinct features that distinguishes both from each other.
Reporters go out to the field for news gathering. So they have to do field work. They have to attend a vast range of events and incidents. They have the opportunity to meet the persons ranging from the head of the state to the street child. Whereas the editors work at the news room’s desk. They checks the story brought to them by the reporters. The reporters do the outdoor surveillance and editors does the indoor surveillance. The reporters compare and contrast the facts and opinion of various people and write the news accordingly, but the editors consult the references in the desk. Reporters checks the society editors check the reporters writing.
Usually the news is first written by the reporters; then only it is presented to the copy editors the copy editors then checks the language and the content and the form and scrutinize if the piece is offensive in one or another way. The reporter may be highly talented and also be a n experienced personnel in the journalism field but he /she who has undergone personal contacts with the sources is highly prone to have inclination toward a party involved in the story so it is always safe to be edited by a third person absent in the gathering process.
So noting the differences in the facets of journalistic process the media houses gives the both jobs to the personnel tern by tern.
Undoubtedly, reporting and editing are closely related to each other. Editing is done on the news report, the story cover by the reporter. The employees working in the editing compartments of the media house checks the content and implies the proper form it deserves. the work of editing begins after the completion of the reporters job. Northcliff said reporters write the news but the editors make the news. Indeed the editors make the news brought to them to the desk. Editing means to revise, correct and improve the news stories. It involves checking the copy carefully, word by word and line by line in order to trace out any writing error of language, deviation from the factor the accuracy, if the it is legally safe or not. These factions of journalism decide what to appear how in front of the general public/audience. So they are also called the gatekeeper.
It is clear that the two facets of the journalism are closely related to each other, one is incomplete in absence of another aspect. Only reporting the event and incident is not journalism. Its accurate and interesting presentation does fall under the domain of the journalistic process. but even being closely entwined with each other they are not the water tight compartments; they have certain distinct features that distinguishes both from each other.
Reporters go out to the field for news gathering. So they have to do field work. They have to attend a vast range of events and incidents. They have the opportunity to meet the persons ranging from the head of the state to the street child. Whereas the editors work at the news room’s desk. They checks the story brought to them by the reporters. The reporters do the outdoor surveillance and editors does the indoor surveillance. The reporters compare and contrast the facts and opinion of various people and write the news accordingly, but the editors consult the references in the desk. Reporters checks the society editors check the reporters writing.
Usually the news is first written by the reporters; then only it is presented to the copy editors the copy editors then checks the language and the content and the form and scrutinize if the piece is offensive in one or another way. The reporter may be highly talented and also be a n experienced personnel in the journalism field but he /she who has undergone personal contacts with the sources is highly prone to have inclination toward a party involved in the story so it is always safe to be edited by a third person absent in the gathering process.
So noting the differences in the facets of journalistic process the media houses gives the both jobs to the personnel tern by tern.
Fourth state
Why journalism is called the fourth state? Associate your arguments with the function of newsroom.
There are three organs of state universally accepted. They are legislative, judiciary, and executive. Legislative body is formed by the members who are elected from the respective constituencies or are nominated by concerned authority. They constitute the laws required for the smooth governance of the country. Executive body executes the laws formulated by parliament. It includes all the beurocrates form top to bottom level and implement them to action to achieve the targeted goal ie development and prosperous life. Judiciary provides justice if the citizens feel their rights, provided by the state is intruded by anybody or some how. Something unjust occurred to them.
Apart from these organs of the state journalism is called the fourth state. It is the term related to the job of reporting, editing and publishing or broadcasting of the news both the current developments or happening and human-interest. It informs people, informs them about what is happening around the world. All the activities of journalism is activated, regulated and controlled by the mastermind organ called newsroom. Newsroom is composed of editor, chief reporter, news editor, subeditor, correspondents, reporters, special correspondents etc. There functions are the organized by newsroom and the function of it is as follows:
Operating reporting process: - the newsroom allocates, assign, and direct the reporters what to report anput. It makes plans and policies what to cover when. It mobilizes the direction of newsroom reporter takes interviews. With the concerned people and makes notes and does the initial writing of the news.
Handling all editing process:- the news , about the current happenings and of the human interest, written by the reporters are edited by the sub editors and/ copy editors . This is handled by newsroom m it checks , the news, views and feedsend by reporters columnists and audience and make it sure that it doesn’t intrude the law and norms, language as well as scans it the content contends the principle of the media house. And checks authenticity of the allusions(quotes) mentioned and make the piece fit the time and space it is intended to occupy. Newsroom prepares the news for printing or for broadcasting by setting layout in print media and by cueing in broadcast media.
It also receives the public’s fed back and gives the appropriate place in their paper of media.
]strictly speaking newsroom is involved in production of the news stories but along with this it is helping in forming opinion among the audiences. It suggests people what is good and what is bad going on in the society, the product of newsroom, the news, informs the people about the happenings of the surroundings of the people that becomes agenda among then they interfacing react feedback to the media ie the news room too. If newsroom become s able to persuade people about something going wrong in the society it automatically forms the pressure group and compels the respective authorities to cone into a halt if the y are performing something, negatively affecting activities to the society.
Beside these functions the newsroom administration itself. It coordinates with management, technical section and news-outlet. It keeps references up-to-date and also maintains technical components of news room for smooth operation of reporting and editing.
As the constitutionally accepted organs of government help to run the country smoothly and associate in maintaining law and order in the society the society the above mentioned functions of newsroom, the integral part of journalism is also acting as an actor assisting to prevail law and order in the society and also for the pursuit of prosperity and justice as eh government does. It acts as a bridge between those organs of government and the general public, at the time of the parliamentary session newsroom reports developments with in it and informs people what the MPs are doing, what sort of laws are being formulated. What it s impact may be. The newsroom informs people about those matters and helps formation of public opinion for of against the development.
It focuses on the areas where the executive body have not yet attempted to gain access up to . Informs it about the problems they were unaware of and provoke to ace hastily bewaring it about the upcoming consequences if the action delayed. Newsroom also functions as a catalyst in providing justice to the afflicted public. That may be by disclosing the secrets subdued by offenders or formulate different laws that would make the public cosy one. For these reasons we can confirm that journalism is the fourth stare of the government.
There are three organs of state universally accepted. They are legislative, judiciary, and executive. Legislative body is formed by the members who are elected from the respective constituencies or are nominated by concerned authority. They constitute the laws required for the smooth governance of the country. Executive body executes the laws formulated by parliament. It includes all the beurocrates form top to bottom level and implement them to action to achieve the targeted goal ie development and prosperous life. Judiciary provides justice if the citizens feel their rights, provided by the state is intruded by anybody or some how. Something unjust occurred to them.
Apart from these organs of the state journalism is called the fourth state. It is the term related to the job of reporting, editing and publishing or broadcasting of the news both the current developments or happening and human-interest. It informs people, informs them about what is happening around the world. All the activities of journalism is activated, regulated and controlled by the mastermind organ called newsroom. Newsroom is composed of editor, chief reporter, news editor, subeditor, correspondents, reporters, special correspondents etc. There functions are the organized by newsroom and the function of it is as follows:
Operating reporting process: - the newsroom allocates, assign, and direct the reporters what to report anput. It makes plans and policies what to cover when. It mobilizes the direction of newsroom reporter takes interviews. With the concerned people and makes notes and does the initial writing of the news.
Handling all editing process:- the news , about the current happenings and of the human interest, written by the reporters are edited by the sub editors and/ copy editors . This is handled by newsroom m it checks , the news, views and feedsend by reporters columnists and audience and make it sure that it doesn’t intrude the law and norms, language as well as scans it the content contends the principle of the media house. And checks authenticity of the allusions(quotes) mentioned and make the piece fit the time and space it is intended to occupy. Newsroom prepares the news for printing or for broadcasting by setting layout in print media and by cueing in broadcast media.
It also receives the public’s fed back and gives the appropriate place in their paper of media.
]strictly speaking newsroom is involved in production of the news stories but along with this it is helping in forming opinion among the audiences. It suggests people what is good and what is bad going on in the society, the product of newsroom, the news, informs the people about the happenings of the surroundings of the people that becomes agenda among then they interfacing react feedback to the media ie the news room too. If newsroom become s able to persuade people about something going wrong in the society it automatically forms the pressure group and compels the respective authorities to cone into a halt if the y are performing something, negatively affecting activities to the society.
Beside these functions the newsroom administration itself. It coordinates with management, technical section and news-outlet. It keeps references up-to-date and also maintains technical components of news room for smooth operation of reporting and editing.
As the constitutionally accepted organs of government help to run the country smoothly and associate in maintaining law and order in the society the society the above mentioned functions of newsroom, the integral part of journalism is also acting as an actor assisting to prevail law and order in the society and also for the pursuit of prosperity and justice as eh government does. It acts as a bridge between those organs of government and the general public, at the time of the parliamentary session newsroom reports developments with in it and informs people what the MPs are doing, what sort of laws are being formulated. What it s impact may be. The newsroom informs people about those matters and helps formation of public opinion for of against the development.
It focuses on the areas where the executive body have not yet attempted to gain access up to . Informs it about the problems they were unaware of and provoke to ace hastily bewaring it about the upcoming consequences if the action delayed. Newsroom also functions as a catalyst in providing justice to the afflicted public. That may be by disclosing the secrets subdued by offenders or formulate different laws that would make the public cosy one. For these reasons we can confirm that journalism is the fourth stare of the government.
“While verbal and non-verbal communications occur simultaneously and they are conflicting to each other then we often tend to consider the non-verbal
“While verbal and non-verbal communications occur simultaneously and they are conflicting to each other then we often tend to consider the non-verbal one” Elaborate.
Communication is the sharing process in which a person initiating the process shares the thought and views in order to develop the common stance. Verbal and non-verbal communications are the types of communications according to the way of communication. we say the type of communication ‘verbal’ when words comes in use and the communication completed in absence of words is non verbal communication . It is simply defined like this way. It is only human beings who being in verbal medium. Non verbal communication; being intrinsic is done not with the words that is needed to be processed more within the nervous system of a being than first one conveys the messages through the symbols, gestures, etc. verbal communication is under control of the non verbal communication because of its intrinsic nature is not under the control of the participants of the process. Some tomes in the conflicting situation; in which a sender gives an information through the verbal medium contrasting with the non verbal way of communication. For e.g., we see in television that a girl devoted to a boy when comes to know the friend of her too loves the very boy then she jumps in joy and inquires more about their relationship. But her facial expression conveys the conflicting message that she is in profound grief after hearing the message. The facial expression is the involuntary action, in which the speaker has no control over and is intrinsic. So we conclude that the first girl is in agony even she is expressing the ecstasy verbally laying upon the message delivered to us through the non verbal way i.e. her facial expression. So we consider the non verbal way of communication when the verbal and non verbal communication takes place at once.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)