How mass media could be used for rural development in Nepal?
Information can change society, there is no doubt. There are various ways of disseminating information. People share their views and ideas as well as experiences through communication. There are various levels of communication namely, intra, inter, group and mass communication. Amongst those, mass communication is a special type of communication where a professional communicator produces and disseminates the symbolic media content through a mass media, to the large, unlimited, varied and heterogonous audiences.
As states earlier, information can change society it is obvious that mass media can play vital role in bringing changes in the society, with in the process of mass communication all the levels of communication do comes under too. While giving feedback to the content conveyed by the media people or the audiences may involve in intra, inter or group communication. And that helps in diffusion of innovation. One may have got the notion of some sort of development from media. He or she can convey the message to the friends and neighbor that in changes the wholesome of the community.
In the context of rural development, it can do a lot of thing in upbringing he life standard of the rural people. Particularly, talking about the rural Nepal mass media can play decisive role in developing the rural areas. The people there prefer the news about the new technologies and method they can use in their fields to the political speeches made by so called charismatic leader. The media can give them information about the ways of modern agriculture, poultry farming and other things than the traditional way of agriculture, providing them with more economic support to them. Media can encourage then by informing then bout the success stories of various people around the globe, which they made possible by abiding the newly developed techniques. In Nepal, in recent years people gad tried to use mass media for the development of rural areas. Various local radios are involves in those places disseminating programs helping people to gain access up to the messages from numerous discipline of knowledge. Different radios in rural areas as well as the state owned radio had already run in previous years and new running in the current year the educational programs for SLC graduates. The radio station forwarded by underground Maoist is a pirate radio but in one way or other is making the people aware. Let’s hope the modern IT reach the rural part of Nepal soon them that can bring the people’s access up to the global network which they can use to get any type of in formation they require in course of their daily activities toward upliftment of their life standard, that is their development.
Friday, October 27, 2006
Status of FM broadcasting in Kathmandu valley.
Status of FM broadcasting in Kathmandu valley.
Broadcasting is the dissemination of message into the air over an assigned frequency which is received by the receiving sets and is decoded to the audiences. That is it is the producing and designing media content to appeal to a broad audience segment and offered on air ways to a large no of people. Broadcasting includes radio and television. Radio was invented first as a means of broadcast. After James c. Maxwell predicted about the radio wave, Heinrich hertz discovered it after the decades. Marconi was the first person to transform message without wire in 1895. Radio receiving set was invented in 1806 and that was called vacuum tube. The today’s transistor was discovered in American in 1936. in Nepal first formal broadcasting station was established in 2007 chaitra 20. Prior to this ‘prajantra radio’ had come to the existence in Bhojpur, which as latter sifted to Biratnagar. Radio Nepal was the only radio station they was toiling to quench the hunger of the information to the Nepalese people through broadcasting. Later, Nepal television was established formally in 14th poush 2042. and then a F.M. radio was launched by radio Nepal in 2052bs. And in 2054 the first nongovernmental broadcasting station Sagarmatha f m was in the country. After that many fm stations were established in the country not only in the valley but also in the moffosuel.
FM radio stations had given emphasis to the news programs along with other entertaining and educational programs. Mostly the stations in the valleys are acquired of just airing the chief entertainment programs through some of them are known for the news broadcast ad quenching the information thirst of the people the interval of every hour. we can list thecharacterof the fm news broadcast as follows: -
Frequent airing of news bulletins: there are FMs which broadcast news in every in e hours in valley. This had helped people be up to date with the various happenings in and across the county.
Live reporting from the spot. The radios stations are emphasizing live reporting live reporting from the spot. Like, live reporting of the people’s movement from the spot.
Because the radio sets are available at a very cheap cost the news are also serving the lower strata of the population as well. It is seen that people at work may it be at the shops or offices are even at fields other work carry radio because it is available in very handy and portable size like that of lighter. So the audiences of FM news listeners seem larger than that of other news media.
The above mentioned points are the food aspects of fm news broadcast in valley. The following points are the negative aspects of the FM radio broadcast.
1. Lack of originality. They copy news from broadsheet dailies
2. Repetition of the same news throughout the day they seem lazy rewriting the news, in another style and format.
3. Poor grammar is another weakness of the fm news. Many grammatical mistakes
4. Lack of diversity in language and content. They seem to have failed to have failed to broadcast local languages like Tamang, Newari etc .They are giving the political news only.
5. Just gives what is seen in the surface.
6. No attempt to investigate inside the story
Broadcasting is the dissemination of message into the air over an assigned frequency which is received by the receiving sets and is decoded to the audiences. That is it is the producing and designing media content to appeal to a broad audience segment and offered on air ways to a large no of people. Broadcasting includes radio and television. Radio was invented first as a means of broadcast. After James c. Maxwell predicted about the radio wave, Heinrich hertz discovered it after the decades. Marconi was the first person to transform message without wire in 1895. Radio receiving set was invented in 1806 and that was called vacuum tube. The today’s transistor was discovered in American in 1936. in Nepal first formal broadcasting station was established in 2007 chaitra 20. Prior to this ‘prajantra radio’ had come to the existence in Bhojpur, which as latter sifted to Biratnagar. Radio Nepal was the only radio station they was toiling to quench the hunger of the information to the Nepalese people through broadcasting. Later, Nepal television was established formally in 14th poush 2042. and then a F.M. radio was launched by radio Nepal in 2052bs. And in 2054 the first nongovernmental broadcasting station Sagarmatha f m was in the country. After that many fm stations were established in the country not only in the valley but also in the moffosuel.
FM radio stations had given emphasis to the news programs along with other entertaining and educational programs. Mostly the stations in the valleys are acquired of just airing the chief entertainment programs through some of them are known for the news broadcast ad quenching the information thirst of the people the interval of every hour. we can list thecharacterof the fm news broadcast as follows: -
Frequent airing of news bulletins: there are FMs which broadcast news in every in e hours in valley. This had helped people be up to date with the various happenings in and across the county.
Live reporting from the spot. The radios stations are emphasizing live reporting live reporting from the spot. Like, live reporting of the people’s movement from the spot.
Because the radio sets are available at a very cheap cost the news are also serving the lower strata of the population as well. It is seen that people at work may it be at the shops or offices are even at fields other work carry radio because it is available in very handy and portable size like that of lighter. So the audiences of FM news listeners seem larger than that of other news media.
The above mentioned points are the food aspects of fm news broadcast in valley. The following points are the negative aspects of the FM radio broadcast.
1. Lack of originality. They copy news from broadsheet dailies
2. Repetition of the same news throughout the day they seem lazy rewriting the news, in another style and format.
3. Poor grammar is another weakness of the fm news. Many grammatical mistakes
4. Lack of diversity in language and content. They seem to have failed to have failed to broadcast local languages like Tamang, Newari etc .They are giving the political news only.
5. Just gives what is seen in the surface.
6. No attempt to investigate inside the story
Saturday, October 21, 2006
Press release
Date: 2062/9/10
The Afflicted society Bhaktapur
Vyashi Bhaktapur 10
TEL.6618480
Sub: pollution caused by the smoke of brick kiln.
No less than five hundred meter form the core area of Bhaktapur there are dozens of kilns’ chimneys emitting thick black smoke, which mix up with air to pollute it. Unquestionably, the present fixed chumminess are less harmful than those previous chumminess. But the aggregate pollution caused by the brick kilns has rocketed instead o f dealing with the implementation of new technology.
Our concern here is not about the smoke emitted by the chimneys of the kilns: but of course with the smoke; the smoke ejaculated through the entire of the vehicle. We, dwellers of this municipality are facing unnecessary overdose of air pollution. The brick factories are using dozens of vehicles to throw out smokes misusing the subsidized diesel, which actually was meant for the poor public. Of Nepal, to carry bricks from the making site to the baking furnace, conventionally the making site and the baking place used to be one but owing to the unfair competition the factories are compelling the land owners to lease their land to those whose firing site is far from the baking site not allowing the one which has the kiln at the very place.
So we cordially request the municipal and the district authority to manage the situation and help control the pollution.
Balaram prajapati
Present
The Afflicted society Bhaktapur
Vyashi Bhaktapur
The Afflicted society Bhaktapur
Vyashi Bhaktapur 10
TEL.6618480
Sub: pollution caused by the smoke of brick kiln.
No less than five hundred meter form the core area of Bhaktapur there are dozens of kilns’ chimneys emitting thick black smoke, which mix up with air to pollute it. Unquestionably, the present fixed chumminess are less harmful than those previous chumminess. But the aggregate pollution caused by the brick kilns has rocketed instead o f dealing with the implementation of new technology.
Our concern here is not about the smoke emitted by the chimneys of the kilns: but of course with the smoke; the smoke ejaculated through the entire of the vehicle. We, dwellers of this municipality are facing unnecessary overdose of air pollution. The brick factories are using dozens of vehicles to throw out smokes misusing the subsidized diesel, which actually was meant for the poor public. Of Nepal, to carry bricks from the making site to the baking furnace, conventionally the making site and the baking place used to be one but owing to the unfair competition the factories are compelling the land owners to lease their land to those whose firing site is far from the baking site not allowing the one which has the kiln at the very place.
So we cordially request the municipal and the district authority to manage the situation and help control the pollution.
Balaram prajapati
Present
The Afflicted society Bhaktapur
Vyashi Bhaktapur
Editing and reporting are not watertight compartments” Elaborate.
Reporting and Editing are two facets of journalistic process. Reporting includes the gathering of information to be paraphrased with a view to present it to be the audience. Where as the second facets within the journalistic process deals with the editing of the written document or the piece of information that the reporter had reported with an intention and intuition that the event worth public attention. The reporters do research. They reach the source, observe, inquires, take notes o r collects the information in any way, verifies the facts, and develops it to a news story to broadcast through the radio and television and or to print in the press or to upload to the designated site.
Undoubtedly, reporting and editing are closely related to each other. Editing is done on the news report, the story cover by the reporter. The employees working in the editing compartments of the media house checks the content and implies the proper form it deserves. the work of editing begins after the completion of the reporters job. Northcliff said reporters write the news but the editors make the news. Indeed the editors make the news brought to them to the desk. Editing means to revise, correct and improve the news stories. It involves checking the copy carefully, word by word and line by line in order to trace out any writing error of language, deviation from the factor the accuracy, if the it is legally safe or not. These factions of journalism decide what to appear how in front of the general public/audience. So they are also called the gatekeeper.
It is clear that the two facets of the journalism are closely related to each other, one is incomplete in absence of another aspect. Only reporting the event and incident is not journalism. Its accurate and interesting presentation does fall under the domain of the journalistic process. but even being closely entwined with each other they are not the water tight compartments; they have certain distinct features that distinguishes both from each other.
Reporters go out to the field for news gathering. So they have to do field work. They have to attend a vast range of events and incidents. They have the opportunity to meet the persons ranging from the head of the state to the street child. Whereas the editors work at the news room’s desk. They checks the story brought to them by the reporters. The reporters do the outdoor surveillance and editors does the indoor surveillance. The reporters compare and contrast the facts and opinion of various people and write the news accordingly, but the editors consult the references in the desk. Reporters checks the society editors check the reporters writing.
Usually the news is first written by the reporters; then only it is presented to the copy editors the copy editors then checks the language and the content and the form and scrutinize if the piece is offensive in one or another way. The reporter may be highly talented and also be a n experienced personnel in the journalism field but he /she who has undergone personal contacts with the sources is highly prone to have inclination toward a party involved in the story so it is always safe to be edited by a third person absent in the gathering process.
So noting the differences in the facets of journalistic process the media houses gives the both jobs to the personnel tern by tern.
Undoubtedly, reporting and editing are closely related to each other. Editing is done on the news report, the story cover by the reporter. The employees working in the editing compartments of the media house checks the content and implies the proper form it deserves. the work of editing begins after the completion of the reporters job. Northcliff said reporters write the news but the editors make the news. Indeed the editors make the news brought to them to the desk. Editing means to revise, correct and improve the news stories. It involves checking the copy carefully, word by word and line by line in order to trace out any writing error of language, deviation from the factor the accuracy, if the it is legally safe or not. These factions of journalism decide what to appear how in front of the general public/audience. So they are also called the gatekeeper.
It is clear that the two facets of the journalism are closely related to each other, one is incomplete in absence of another aspect. Only reporting the event and incident is not journalism. Its accurate and interesting presentation does fall under the domain of the journalistic process. but even being closely entwined with each other they are not the water tight compartments; they have certain distinct features that distinguishes both from each other.
Reporters go out to the field for news gathering. So they have to do field work. They have to attend a vast range of events and incidents. They have the opportunity to meet the persons ranging from the head of the state to the street child. Whereas the editors work at the news room’s desk. They checks the story brought to them by the reporters. The reporters do the outdoor surveillance and editors does the indoor surveillance. The reporters compare and contrast the facts and opinion of various people and write the news accordingly, but the editors consult the references in the desk. Reporters checks the society editors check the reporters writing.
Usually the news is first written by the reporters; then only it is presented to the copy editors the copy editors then checks the language and the content and the form and scrutinize if the piece is offensive in one or another way. The reporter may be highly talented and also be a n experienced personnel in the journalism field but he /she who has undergone personal contacts with the sources is highly prone to have inclination toward a party involved in the story so it is always safe to be edited by a third person absent in the gathering process.
So noting the differences in the facets of journalistic process the media houses gives the both jobs to the personnel tern by tern.
Fourth state
Why journalism is called the fourth state? Associate your arguments with the function of newsroom.
There are three organs of state universally accepted. They are legislative, judiciary, and executive. Legislative body is formed by the members who are elected from the respective constituencies or are nominated by concerned authority. They constitute the laws required for the smooth governance of the country. Executive body executes the laws formulated by parliament. It includes all the beurocrates form top to bottom level and implement them to action to achieve the targeted goal ie development and prosperous life. Judiciary provides justice if the citizens feel their rights, provided by the state is intruded by anybody or some how. Something unjust occurred to them.
Apart from these organs of the state journalism is called the fourth state. It is the term related to the job of reporting, editing and publishing or broadcasting of the news both the current developments or happening and human-interest. It informs people, informs them about what is happening around the world. All the activities of journalism is activated, regulated and controlled by the mastermind organ called newsroom. Newsroom is composed of editor, chief reporter, news editor, subeditor, correspondents, reporters, special correspondents etc. There functions are the organized by newsroom and the function of it is as follows:
Operating reporting process: - the newsroom allocates, assign, and direct the reporters what to report anput. It makes plans and policies what to cover when. It mobilizes the direction of newsroom reporter takes interviews. With the concerned people and makes notes and does the initial writing of the news.
Handling all editing process:- the news , about the current happenings and of the human interest, written by the reporters are edited by the sub editors and/ copy editors . This is handled by newsroom m it checks , the news, views and feedsend by reporters columnists and audience and make it sure that it doesn’t intrude the law and norms, language as well as scans it the content contends the principle of the media house. And checks authenticity of the allusions(quotes) mentioned and make the piece fit the time and space it is intended to occupy. Newsroom prepares the news for printing or for broadcasting by setting layout in print media and by cueing in broadcast media.
It also receives the public’s fed back and gives the appropriate place in their paper of media.
]strictly speaking newsroom is involved in production of the news stories but along with this it is helping in forming opinion among the audiences. It suggests people what is good and what is bad going on in the society, the product of newsroom, the news, informs the people about the happenings of the surroundings of the people that becomes agenda among then they interfacing react feedback to the media ie the news room too. If newsroom become s able to persuade people about something going wrong in the society it automatically forms the pressure group and compels the respective authorities to cone into a halt if the y are performing something, negatively affecting activities to the society.
Beside these functions the newsroom administration itself. It coordinates with management, technical section and news-outlet. It keeps references up-to-date and also maintains technical components of news room for smooth operation of reporting and editing.
As the constitutionally accepted organs of government help to run the country smoothly and associate in maintaining law and order in the society the society the above mentioned functions of newsroom, the integral part of journalism is also acting as an actor assisting to prevail law and order in the society and also for the pursuit of prosperity and justice as eh government does. It acts as a bridge between those organs of government and the general public, at the time of the parliamentary session newsroom reports developments with in it and informs people what the MPs are doing, what sort of laws are being formulated. What it s impact may be. The newsroom informs people about those matters and helps formation of public opinion for of against the development.
It focuses on the areas where the executive body have not yet attempted to gain access up to . Informs it about the problems they were unaware of and provoke to ace hastily bewaring it about the upcoming consequences if the action delayed. Newsroom also functions as a catalyst in providing justice to the afflicted public. That may be by disclosing the secrets subdued by offenders or formulate different laws that would make the public cosy one. For these reasons we can confirm that journalism is the fourth stare of the government.
There are three organs of state universally accepted. They are legislative, judiciary, and executive. Legislative body is formed by the members who are elected from the respective constituencies or are nominated by concerned authority. They constitute the laws required for the smooth governance of the country. Executive body executes the laws formulated by parliament. It includes all the beurocrates form top to bottom level and implement them to action to achieve the targeted goal ie development and prosperous life. Judiciary provides justice if the citizens feel their rights, provided by the state is intruded by anybody or some how. Something unjust occurred to them.
Apart from these organs of the state journalism is called the fourth state. It is the term related to the job of reporting, editing and publishing or broadcasting of the news both the current developments or happening and human-interest. It informs people, informs them about what is happening around the world. All the activities of journalism is activated, regulated and controlled by the mastermind organ called newsroom. Newsroom is composed of editor, chief reporter, news editor, subeditor, correspondents, reporters, special correspondents etc. There functions are the organized by newsroom and the function of it is as follows:
Operating reporting process: - the newsroom allocates, assign, and direct the reporters what to report anput. It makes plans and policies what to cover when. It mobilizes the direction of newsroom reporter takes interviews. With the concerned people and makes notes and does the initial writing of the news.
Handling all editing process:- the news , about the current happenings and of the human interest, written by the reporters are edited by the sub editors and/ copy editors . This is handled by newsroom m it checks , the news, views and feedsend by reporters columnists and audience and make it sure that it doesn’t intrude the law and norms, language as well as scans it the content contends the principle of the media house. And checks authenticity of the allusions(quotes) mentioned and make the piece fit the time and space it is intended to occupy. Newsroom prepares the news for printing or for broadcasting by setting layout in print media and by cueing in broadcast media.
It also receives the public’s fed back and gives the appropriate place in their paper of media.
]strictly speaking newsroom is involved in production of the news stories but along with this it is helping in forming opinion among the audiences. It suggests people what is good and what is bad going on in the society, the product of newsroom, the news, informs the people about the happenings of the surroundings of the people that becomes agenda among then they interfacing react feedback to the media ie the news room too. If newsroom become s able to persuade people about something going wrong in the society it automatically forms the pressure group and compels the respective authorities to cone into a halt if the y are performing something, negatively affecting activities to the society.
Beside these functions the newsroom administration itself. It coordinates with management, technical section and news-outlet. It keeps references up-to-date and also maintains technical components of news room for smooth operation of reporting and editing.
As the constitutionally accepted organs of government help to run the country smoothly and associate in maintaining law and order in the society the society the above mentioned functions of newsroom, the integral part of journalism is also acting as an actor assisting to prevail law and order in the society and also for the pursuit of prosperity and justice as eh government does. It acts as a bridge between those organs of government and the general public, at the time of the parliamentary session newsroom reports developments with in it and informs people what the MPs are doing, what sort of laws are being formulated. What it s impact may be. The newsroom informs people about those matters and helps formation of public opinion for of against the development.
It focuses on the areas where the executive body have not yet attempted to gain access up to . Informs it about the problems they were unaware of and provoke to ace hastily bewaring it about the upcoming consequences if the action delayed. Newsroom also functions as a catalyst in providing justice to the afflicted public. That may be by disclosing the secrets subdued by offenders or formulate different laws that would make the public cosy one. For these reasons we can confirm that journalism is the fourth stare of the government.
“While verbal and non-verbal communications occur simultaneously and they are conflicting to each other then we often tend to consider the non-verbal
“While verbal and non-verbal communications occur simultaneously and they are conflicting to each other then we often tend to consider the non-verbal one” Elaborate.
Communication is the sharing process in which a person initiating the process shares the thought and views in order to develop the common stance. Verbal and non-verbal communications are the types of communications according to the way of communication. we say the type of communication ‘verbal’ when words comes in use and the communication completed in absence of words is non verbal communication . It is simply defined like this way. It is only human beings who being in verbal medium. Non verbal communication; being intrinsic is done not with the words that is needed to be processed more within the nervous system of a being than first one conveys the messages through the symbols, gestures, etc. verbal communication is under control of the non verbal communication because of its intrinsic nature is not under the control of the participants of the process. Some tomes in the conflicting situation; in which a sender gives an information through the verbal medium contrasting with the non verbal way of communication. For e.g., we see in television that a girl devoted to a boy when comes to know the friend of her too loves the very boy then she jumps in joy and inquires more about their relationship. But her facial expression conveys the conflicting message that she is in profound grief after hearing the message. The facial expression is the involuntary action, in which the speaker has no control over and is intrinsic. So we conclude that the first girl is in agony even she is expressing the ecstasy verbally laying upon the message delivered to us through the non verbal way i.e. her facial expression. So we consider the non verbal way of communication when the verbal and non verbal communication takes place at once.
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